This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
What makes people
happier: money or having happy friends and neighbors? Researchers from Harvard
University and the University of California, San Diego, have found an answer as
part of a study.
Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler based the study on
the emotional
of almost five thousand people.
They used information
over a period of twenty years,
until two thousand three, in the Framingham Heart Study. That study began sixty
years ago in Framingham, Massachusetts, to learn more about the risks of heart
attack and
.
The new study found that
friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And the
smaller the
distance between friends, the
larger the effect they had on each other's happiness.
For example, a
person was twenty percent more likely to feel happy if a friend living within
one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next
door increased an individual's chance of being happy by thirty-four percent. The
effects of friends' happiness
for up to a year.
The
researchers found that happiness really is
. Sadness also spread
among friends, but not as much as happiness.
People removed by as much as
three degrees of separation still had an effect on a person's happiness. Three
degrees of separation means the friend of a friend of a friend.
The study
showed that having an extra five thousand dollars increased a person's chances
of becoming
by about two percent. But the
researchers found that the influence of a friend of a friend of a friend can be
greater than that.
Another finding is that people who are
or
work together do not have as much of an effect on happiness as friends
do.
The findings appeared in the British Medical Journal. The National
Institute on Aging in the United States helped pay for the study.
The
study is described as the first to demonstrate the indirect
of
happiness. In other words, that your emotions can be affected by someone you do
not directly know.
Earlier studies by the two researchers described the
effects of social networks on
and efforts to stop smoking. The
new study shows that happiness spreads through social networks like an emotional
virus -- a virus people would be happy to
.
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